Reading a CAS-Level Specification Sheet: What Every Column Means
· RIBOLUO CHEMICALS (ZHEJIANG) CO., LTD.
A CAS-level specification sheet fixes one substance by its CAS Registry Number and states the limits the product is held to. It is not a certificate of analysis and not a safety data sheet. Read the columns in that order — identity, limits, provenance — and most errors are visible before a drum is opened.
1. What “CAS-level” does — and does not — mean
A CAS Registry Number identifies a chemical substance. It is assigned by CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, in a fixed format: two to seven digits, a hyphen, two digits, a hyphen, one check digit — 811-97-2 is R-134a. Because the last digit is a check digit, a malformed number can be caught by arithmetic rather than trust, using the algorithm CAS publishes.
The number does not tell you the grade (one number covers technical and refrigeration qualities — purity and moisture limits live in the specification), the origin (811-97-2 is R-134a whatever entity supplied it), or, for a blend, the composition.
| Product | Identifiers to expect | Note |
|---|---|---|
| R-134a, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane | CAS 811-97-2; EC 212-377-0 | single substance |
| R-32, difluoromethane | CAS 75-10-5; EC 200-839-4 | single substance |
| R-22, chlorodifluoromethane | CAS 75-45-6; EC 200-871-9 | single substance |
| Dichloromethane (DCM) | CAS 75-09-2; EC 200-838-9 | single substance, methylene chloride |
| R-410A | components R-32 and R-125 (CAS 354-33-6) | two-component blend — no single CAS number |
| R-404A, R-407C | each component with its own number | three-component blends |
The trap is the name/number pairing. R-134a is 811-97-2; 75-45-6 is R-22, a different substance under a different phase-down regime. A sheet that takes the name from one place and the number from another should be re-issued, not argued about.
2. Three documents, three jobs
| Document | Level | States | Cannot do |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specification sheet | product | the property limits, with test methods, packing and storage | report what a particular batch measured |
| Certificate of analysis (COA) | batch | the measured result per parameter, for one batch | define the product; a failed batch still comes with a COA |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | product | hazard classification, handling, transport classification, disposal | prove anything about purity |
Under REACH, an SDS must reach downstream users for a substance or mixture classified as hazardous under CLP, for PBT/vPvB substances, and for Candidate List substances (ECHA); its format is set by Annex II as amended. The specification sheet is what you buy, the COA is what this batch is, the SDS is what you must do with it.
3. The identity columns
| Column | How to check it |
|---|---|
| Product / trade name | must map to one substance, not several |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane = R-134a = HFC-134a |
| CAS Registry Number | format plus check digit; confirm name against number on a public substance record |
| EC / List number | the EU identifier for the same substance — 212-377-0 for R-134a; must match the SDS |
| Molecular formula | for a blend there is no single formula — itself the signal |
| UN number, proper shipping name, class | R-134a: UN 3159; DCM: UN 1593 (Class 6.1); R-410A: UN 3163, “Liquefied gas, n.o.s.” |
| GHS class, pictograms, label | must agree with the SDS and with the label on the packaging |
| HS code | a customs determination, national in application — confirm with your broker |
| Batch number, issue date, revision | an undated sheet cannot be tied to the batch you receive |
The UN row is where copy-paste damage shows first: a blend moving under a generic “n.o.s.” entry but described with a single-substance entry is a mismatch that reaches the packing instruction.
4. The limit columns: the method column decides what a number means
| Parameter | What it controls | What the sheet must state |
|---|---|---|
| Assay / purity | how much of the substance is the substance | basis (mass-% or area-%), method, limit, quantification limit |
| Water content | acid formation and corrosion; reactions in a solvent | Karl Fischer titration, limit in ppm, sampling point |
| Acidity | lubricant degradation and metal attack | method and endpoint, limit in a stated unit |
| Non-condensable gas | condenser performance and discharge pressure | method and limit — often the missing line |
| Residue on evaporation | non-volatile contamination | gravimetric method and limit |
| Appearance and odour | gross contamination | qualitative, but a cross-check against the batch COA |
A limit without a method is not a comparable number. “99.9% minimum” means one thing as mass-% by gas chromatography with an internal standard, and something else as area-% without one. And an absent parameter is not a passing result: if water or non-condensable gas is missing, it was not specified — and those two decide field performance far more often than the assay figure.
5. The environmental columns: GWP, ODP and the basis you must ask for
| Product | GWP (AR4) | ODP | ASHRAE class |
|---|---|---|---|
| R-22 | 1,810 | 0.055 | A1 |
| R-410A | 2,088 | 0 | A1 |
| R-32 | 675 | 0 | A2L |
| R-134a | 1,430 | 0 | A1 |
| R-404A | 3,922 | 0 | A1 |
| R-407C | 1,774 | 0 | A1 |
| R-454B | 466 | 0 | A2L |
| R-290 | 3 | 0 | A3 |
These figures are quoted on the AR4 basis (Fourth Assessment Report). Later reports give different values for the same substance, so a GWP figure without a stated basis cannot be compared with another supplier’s figure. In a market with an HFC quota system this column is also a compliance column: it determines what the shipment consumes — the importer’s question. The safety class is not a label detail either: A2L changes handling, storage, transport and the charge limits for the equipment your customer uses it in. ODP separates the HCFCs from the HFCs, which is why R-22’s phase-out regime differs. One row is context rather than a grade we list: R-454B is not in our listed range, and it appears here so that a buyer planning around it knows that before enquiring — a GWP figure is compared across the market, not offered as a supply list.
6. The provenance columns — and the checks they enable
| Column | Why it is technical, not administrative |
|---|---|
| Packing (cylinder, drum, IBC) and declared net weight | without both, nothing on arrival can be checked |
| Tare weight and water capacity | without them net = gross − tare is unverifiable |
| MOQ and lot size | a small lot from a large batch and a large lot from a small batch differ in traceability |
| Shelf life, retest interval, storage conditions | sets what your warehouse must do; for A2L, ventilation and segregation too |
| Country of origin | customs and origin rules — not the identity of the producing entity |
| Issued by | the producer’s own laboratory, or an entity that repacked and tested the lot |
Read the last row first: it fixes how far the evidence runs. A COA issued for a repacked lot answers for that lot, not for the batch it came from — both are legitimate, and the buyer should know which is in front of them.
| Cross-check | What a failure looks like |
|---|---|
| Registry number on sheet, SDS and label | sheet says 811-97-2, label says 75-45-6 |
| UN number on sheet, SDS and transport documents | sheet says UN 3159, transport document says UN 3163 |
| Declared net weight against the packing | gross minus tare does not reconcile |
| SDS composition against the assay range | the SDS declares a minimum the batch COA does not reach |
| Batch chain: COA ↔ label ↔ packing list | the COA covers a batch not in the shipment |
7. Common traps
- One registry number on a blend. Ask for the component list, with a number against each component.
- A number belonging to another substance. Have the sheet re-issued.
- “Conforms to specification” with no measured value. A conclusion is not a result.
- A purity figure with no basis stated — mass-% and area-% are different claims.
- No method column, which makes two sheets incomparable even when the limits read alike.
- A GWP with no stated assessment-report basis, or a COA covering another batch.
FAQ
Is a specification sheet the same as a certificate of analysis? No. The specification sheet is product-level: limits and methods. The COA is batch-level: measured results against those limits. One defines what you buy, the other shows what the shipment is.
Can I check a CAS number myself? Yes: recalculate the check digit with the algorithm CAS publishes, then confirm on a public substance record that the name and the number describe the same substance — and that the SDS uses the same pair.
Does the same CAS number mean the same quality? No. It identifies the substance, not the grade, purity, packing or origin. Two suppliers can quote one number and deliver specifications that are not interchangeable in your process.
Which GWP basis should a sheet state? The basis must be named, or the figure is not usable. We quote AR4 and say so; if a sheet gives a GWP without naming the assessment report, ask.
What we can provide
Riboluo Chemicals can provide the specification sheet for the grade you are buying with the method stated against each limit, the batch COA for the lot shipped, the SDS and GHS label set, and the transport documents carrying the UN number — with the CAS number stated against the product name.
RIBOLUO CHEMICALS (ZHEJIANG) CO., LTD. is a distributor and trading company, not a manufacturer: we buy from qualified producers and supply under our own documentation (COA, SDS and packing documents).
For general information only — not legal or regulatory advice. Assessment-report bases, phase-down rules and dangerous-goods requirements vary by jurisdiction and change; confirm current obligations and the specification sheet for your grade before ordering.
Related guides
- Specifying grade: technical vs electronic vs pharma for the same chemical name
- Low-GWP refrigerants: which grades are in our catalogue, and how to choose one
Sources
- CAS — Check digit verification of CAS Registry Numbers — https://www.cas.org/training/documentation/chemical-substances/checkdig
- CAS — CAS REGISTRY — https://www.cas.org/cas-data/cas-registry
- PubChem (US NLM) — records used to confirm the CAS and EC numbers above — https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
- ECHA — Safety data sheets — https://echa.europa.eu/safety-data-sheets
- REACH, Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 — Articles 5 and 31 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32006R1907
- Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/878 — Annex II to REACH (compilation of safety data sheets) — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32020R0878
- CLP, Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 — https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32008R1272
- UNECE — Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations — https://unece.org/transport/publications/recommendations-transport-dangerous-goods-model-regulations-rev22
- Transport classification — BAM DGG dangerous goods database, dichloromethane UN 1593 (IMDG) — https://www.dgg.bam.de/dgginfo/detailinfo/imdg/nneaagujkaxxi?lang=en ; R-410A safety data sheet showing carriage as UN 3163 “Liquefied gas, n.o.s.” — https://www.master.ca/media/akeneo_connector/asset_files/S/D/SDS_AZ20_R410A_UN3163__MESSER__en_CA_5f3b.pdf
- HVACSolver — Refrigerant Types, Properties, and GWP Chart (GWP/ODP/ASHRAE figures above, AR4 basis) — https://hvacsolver.com/refrigerant-types
Prepared by RIBOLUO CHEMICALS (ZHEJIANG) CO., LTD., a member of Hangrui Group — a chemical distribution platform. We are not a manufacturer: we source from qualified producers and supply under our own documentation (COA, SDS and packing documents).
Need current specs, quota status, or a mixed-load quote for What Every Column Means? Contact tom@riboluo.com with your spec and delivery location.